Currently, six cellular mobile phone companies are operating in pakistan namely, InstaPhone, Paktel(Zong), Mobilink, Ufone, Al-Warid and Telenor. All the cellular mobile phone service providers work under the...

Before you read on further, read the working of 4 wire resistive touch screen. This post is for the newbies;  technicalities will be addressed later. It is always better to use a dedicated controller for touch screens, instead...

Before you interface an LCD with any microcontroller , say 8051 or AVR, you should have a knowledge of basic LCD commands. These commands or codes are used...

Order of filter is very important as far as the characteristics of filter design is concerned. This particular GUI is for all Butterworth IIR filters. Order of butterworth filter...

Why do we need Multiplexing technique?In communication, under the simplest conditions, a medium can carry only one signal at any moment in time.For multiple signals to share one...

The term Multiplexing means "sharing of a resource/medium" .Resource could be time, frequency, space or any physical medium .Multiplexer is a communication device that multiplexes (combines) several signals...

Follow the following simple steps to download a big collection of e-books, of every field!1-Creat your account :http://library.nu/2-Login and search your required book3-Click on "ifile.it" in the bottom...

Environmental interference and physical defects in the communication medium can cause random bit errors during data transmission. Channel coding also known as Error coding is a method of...

When data is transmitted to its destination over a communication channel there is a possibility of errors being introduced into the the data. In digital communication performance of...

Uptill now, we have discussed the basic concepts of digital modulation techniques.Let’s move one step ahead!In digital modulation two commonly used terms are Symbols n Modulation order(M) Symbol:It is...

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) In FDM system, signals from multiple users/transmitters are transmitted simultaneously (at the same time slot) over multiple frequencies. That is each user is assigned...

In previous post we started about basic digital modulation techniques,ASK,PSK and FSK.Let’s look at another digital modulation technique called as QAM [Quadrature Amplitude Modulation],which is actually a combination...

Firstly, what do we mean by digital modulation? Typically the objective of a digital communication system is to transport digital data between two or more nodes. In radio...

It is necessary to follow some steps inorder to implement asynchronous transmission on PIC microcontrollers. And these steps are summarized below: Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate...

Making decisions based on EPC ...

PCB designing is usually done on the very popular E-CAD software called OrCAD. Imagine a circuit like that of Ethernet kit using ENC28J60 that has different voltage level...

Contributed by:S/LT KAMRAN   (NUST)                      Mr. KASHIF ALI (NUST) - Trainee Engineer at P&G Report available only for educational...